The prognostic value of PD-L1 TPS was not restricted to the initial diagnostic biopsy prior to neoadjuvant CRT in our rectal cancer cohort as patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≤1% pre- and post-CRT displayed worse OS compared to patients with PD-L1 upregulation at any time point (Figure 4A). Here, CD274 is linked to rectal cancer.