As acetyl-CoA is linked to mitochondrial metabolism and the initiation of the melatonergic pathway, alterations in melatonin, TCA cycle, and OXPHOS will be intimately associated with N-ASph and acetylated-COX2 in the regulation of NK cells and CD8+ T cell and γδ T cell anti-viral and anti-cancer responses. Here, CD8A is linked to cancer.