Our group uncovered that treatment of stroke with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes alone or tailored MSC-derived exosomes enriched with the miR17-92 cluster markedly increases neural plasticity and functional recovery after stroke via targeting PTEN to activate the PI3K/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway in rats [135]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is stroke disorder.