We examined the effect of curcumin on RIF in vivo and in vitro, via a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model as well as its effect on the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated and the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in the human renal proximal tubular cells. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Ureteral obstruction.