However, low MAD2 gastrospheres from MKN45 exhibit a decrease in EMT-transcription factors such as VIM and SNAI2 and many stemness genes and CSC-associated cell surface markers, indicating a shift in the GCSC population as a whole, shifting the balance from GCSC with high tumorigenic capacity (e.g. tumor-initiating GC stem-like cell) to GCSCs with low tumorigenic capacity 31. Here, MAD2L1 is linked to neoplasm.