INS and cancer: The enriched proteins were related to several key pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), class O of forkhead box transcription factors (FoxO), prolactin, estrogen, insulin, and ErbB signaling pathways, which typically exist in 27 major types of human cancers (Figure 3C).