Similar to other ingredients from AFI and AF, NOB (10 mg/kg) also reversed oxidative stress and inflammation caused by APAP by lowering the levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, increasing GSH-Px activities and Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways in a rat model [101]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and atrial fibrillation.