MMP9 and liver cancer: It has been reported that HD (50 μM) suppresses human hepatic cancer (HepG2) cell proliferation by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymatic activity, inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 and JNK signaling pathways and suppressing the NF-kB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathway [66].