Forms of TrxR1 with a covalently targeted Sec-residue and inhibited normal TrxR1 activity, but with maintained capacity for redox cycling through an NADPH oxidase activity, were collectively coined SecTRAPs (Selenium compromised thioredoxin reductase-derived apoptotic proteins) and formation of SecTRAPs may yield therapeutic effects either through cytotoxicity against cancer cells or by Nrf2 activation in normal cells [17,26,34]. The gene discussed is TXNRD1; the disease is cancer.