Further work on MSCs preconditioning with various inflammatory mediators found that IL-1α can be used as a key priming stimulus to induce MSCs to produce anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors [141], and a further in vivo study in mice demonstrated that conditioned medium of IL-1α-primed MSCs administered peripherally after stroke had beneficial effects on stroke outcome and functional recovery [139]. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is stroke disorder.