IL1B and ischemia: Similarly, interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) follow an out of phase expression pattern in response to ischemia, where IL-1α expression occurs early following ischemia whereas IL-1β is expressed much later and coincides with reduced IL-1α production, indicating that the two cytokines likely have different roles during the post-stroke neuroinflammatory response [52, 53].