TNF and infection: Both Piovani et al. (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.56–4.66, serious infections) and Borren and Ananthakrishnan (OR 11.22; 95% CI 3.60–34.99, any infection) found that the risk of infections was substantially increased when comparing older anti-TNF users to older non-users.[14, 15]