The second study demonstrated that the treatment of the phytosome-formulated curcumin [58], a botanical compound derived from the turmeric, could significantly improve liver histopathology, decrease lipid accumulation and leukocyte infiltration in liver, and suppress HCC formation through the activation of anti-inflammatory peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), suppression of pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inhibition of oncogenic mTOR activation (Figure 1) [27]. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.