In humans, overexpression of Nkx2-3 was found to be associated with both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis through its effect on the regulation of PTPN2 expression, VEGF and MADCAM-1 signaling, and the production of endothelin-1 [16,18,23,24]. This evidence concerns the gene NKX2-3 and ulcerative colitis.