PGF and preeclampsia: Additionally, a wide range of potential biomarkers for prediction of preeclampsia have been studied: maternal characteristics (African-American ethnicity, body mass index, pregestational diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, educational level), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 12 (ADAM-12), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental protein 13 (PP13), proteomics studies, Doppler ultrasonography, and many others [3,4,5,6,7,8].