Moreover, in HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, BBR treatment induces apoptosis through the expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) by PKC, ERK, and GSK-3β pathways, and ATF3 in a p53-dependent manner [113]. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is colorectal cancer.