In addition to the decrease in PGC-1α expression in the heart of diabetic mice or increase in UCP2 expression in the heart of diabetic rats previously reported [3, 29], the present study also showed both down-regulation of PGC-1α expression and up-regulation of UCP2 expression in the myocardium of T2DM rats. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.