The transcription and expression of PGC-1α were apparently down-regulated, whereas UCP2 transcription and expression were evidently up-regulated in the myocardium of diabetic rats compared with control rats (Fig. 3e & f, all P < 0.01), suggesting an abnormal regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in T2DM rats. The gene discussed is UCP2; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.