STAT3 and Alzheimer disease: Anatabine has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression as well as NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, HEK293, human microglia, and human blood mononuclear cells [33] as well as in the brain and spleen of mouse models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis [31] and Alzheimer’s disease [33].