CAV1 and neoplasm: In a multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, 5-alpha reductase treatment, and baseline tumor volume, AS subjects with a plasma Cav-1-sphingolipid signature score >4.33 exhibited statistically significantly worse disease progression free survival as compared to those with a plasma Cav-1-sphingolipid signature score ≤4.33 (HR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.75–4.16, p-value: <0.001) (Supplementary Table 3).