UGT1A1 and lung carcinoma: Several studies have examined the relationship between genetically predicted bilirubin and other clinical outcomes with mixed results that possibly reflects differences in the pathophysiological role for oxidative stress, smoking case-mix, age at recruitment, low power for rare outcomes and study design.34 35 Genome-wide association studies have not identified the UGT1A1 locus in studies of lung cancer, although the number of smokers required to reach the high threshold for genome-wide statistical significance exceeds that available in most cohorts.