INS and cancer: Here, we only mention the roles of insulin and glucose levels and their interactions with specific receptors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), that correlate with increased risks of specific cancers, like ovarian and breast cancers, mainly through activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways [147], while the inhibition of IGF-IR kinase activity prevents the growth-promoting effect of adipocytes on breast cancer cells [148].