PTGS2 and colitis: In particular, anti-inflammatory effects of chrysophanol on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has been demonstrated to effectively suppress overall clinical concentrations of moieties, including those of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through the regulation of NFκB pathway [13].