GAS5 and neoplasm: As a consequence of PARP1 inhibition, GAS5 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and MAPK, suggesting that GAS5 inhibits tumor growth and abrogates cisplatin resistance via regulating the E2F4-PARP1-MAPK signaling pathway (Figure 4) [48].