CSF2 and infection: When monocytes were obtained on day 15 and were cultured for 48 hours, we observed a decrease in the infection ratio in the miltefosine plus GM-CSF group, 49 (44-53) versus 56 (55-60) at day 0 (p = 0.03) (Figure 4(b)), and a decrease after 72 hours by both the miltefosine plus GM-CSF-treated group, 39 (36/40) in day 15 versus 45 (43/49) in day 0 (p = 0.008), and the miltefosine plus placebo-treated group (p = 0.009) (Figure 4(c)).