After 2 hours of incubation, we observed that monocytes from miltefosine plus GM-CSF and miltefosine plus placebo-treated patients had higher infection rate on day 15 of therapy than before treatment, 49 (45-53) versus 40 (39-43) (p = 0.0079) and 47 (43-50) versus 42 (40-45) (p = 0.02) (Figure 4(a)), as well as a higher number of amastigotes internalized per 100 monocytes, 266 (205-277) versus 181 (169-201) (p = 0.008) and 203 (196-222) versus 169 (155-197) (p = 0.015) (Figure 4(d)). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and infection.