SP1 and posterior cortical atrophy: To identify the effect of nucleolin on phloretin-induced decrease of Sp1 proteins in PCa cells, LNCaP and PC-3 cells were transfected with expression plasmid of nucleolin and treated with phloretin as indicated in Figure 1(a) and then checked the protein levels of Sp1 and its downstream proteins, including VEGF and Cyclin D1.