AR and testicular germ cell tumor: Studies that have been focused on searching diagnostic markers for TGCT proposed several single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in genes such as POU5F1, DND1, KIT, KITLG, AR, DMTR1, SPRY4, BCL2, NANOG, TGFBR2, PTEN, AKT1, PDE11A, GATA4, and THOC1 (Dalgaard et al., 2011; Turnbull and Rahman, 2011; Landero-Huerta et al., 2017; Litchfield et al., 2017).