Other than ICIs, there are multiple inhibitors targeting tumor immunosuppressive factors, including IDO1 inhibitors (Spranger et al., 2014), MEK inhibitors (Ebert et al., 2016), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) inhibitors (Mitchem et al., 2013), tumor extracellular matrix and stromal inhibitors (Provenzano et al., 2012), adenosine signaling through the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) (Leone et al., 2015), and other metabolic signaling pathways (Pardoll, 2015). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is neoplasm.