While diseases caused by pathogenic somatic mutations of USP7 are rare, the aberrant expression of USP7 is much more frequent, resulting in deregulation of numerous pathways and contributing to disease states that include non-small cell lung cancer (Masuya et al., 2006) and prostate cancer (Song et al., 2008a). The gene discussed is USP7; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.