Moreover, a previous nanoparticle related study published in 2018 demonstrated that combined delivery of Sorafenib with a mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor using C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-targeted nanoparticles reduced hepatic fibrosis and prevented tumor development (Sung et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is neoplasm.