The important role of insulin in the kidney is further corroborated by the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; Musso et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2018; Mok et al., 2019; Kiapidou et al., 2020). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is chronic kidney disease.