Some studies have reported that there was no statistically significant difference between any of the median concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12] tested for in BV-positive women vs. controls, and that high levels of prolidase and sialidase have led to the cleavage of the vaginal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM (Cauci et al., 1998; Weissenbacher et al., 2010). Here, CD40LG is linked to bacterial vaginosis.