CXCR3 and neoplasm: Interferon γ plays a role in immune escape by increasing the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells (35); it can also induce the production of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 and promote the recruitment of CXCR3+ lymphocytes and other immune cells around tumor cells to exert antitumor immune effects (36); in addition, IFN-γ can directly exert antitumor cell proliferation and proapoptotic effects by binding to receptors on the cell surface and triggering a series of events that inhibit tumor cell growth and promote tumor cell death (35).