The level of urinary exosomal plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), a protein expressed in the peritubular capillaries, is associated with clinical measurements such as blood pressure and eGFR, and also the histological count of peritubular capillaries and degree of fibrosis in renal patients with essential or renovascular hypertension. Here, PLVAP is linked to renovascular hypertension.