TERT and hepatocellular carcinoma: In recent years, genome-wide profiling has substantially advanced our understanding of the genetic landscape and driver pathways leading to HCC (Totoki et al., 2014; Schulze et al., 2015; Zucman-Rossi et al., 2015; Ally et al., 2017; Villanueva, 2019), revealing Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), Axin-1 (AXIN1), Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and other key genes as driver mutations, and WNT/β-catenin, p53 cell cycle pathway, oxidative stress, PI3K/AKT/MTOR, and RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways as key signaling pathways involved in liver carcinogenesis.