No signal corresponding to murine or human TLR5-mediated NF-κB activation was obtained upon infection with different live L. interrogans serovars at MOI 10 and 100 (data not shown) or even at an MOI of 200 (Figure 3B), which suggested that leptospires also evade human TLR5 recognition or at least do not signal through this TLR. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.