The absence of TLR5 response in the mouse model was surprising because (i) it was shown that neutralizing TLR5 antibodies decreased the cytokine response of whole human blood upon infection with L. interrogans (45), (ii) we showed here that antimicrobial peptides could degrade live leptospires and induce human and bovine TLR5 recognition, and (iii) we previously demonstrated that leptospires were killed and cleared from blood during the first days following infection in mice (23), suggesting the release of free flagellin subunits that could have stimulated the TLR5 response. The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is infection.