Long-term Phase I data using CD28-based CAR T cells in adults with ALL did not show a benefit in event-free-survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS) in patients receiving consolidative HSCT post-CAR (11), however, Phase I/II data studying 4-1BB CD19-CAR T cells in adult ALL, showed prolonged EFS in patients undergoing HSCT post-CAR (41). The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.