ITGAE and atrial fibrillation: While in our initial findings we observed both the subtypes CD103+CD11b+ and CD103+CD11b− siLP-DCs to have reduced RALDH activity in AF mice (Figures 1E,F), the cell recovery of CD103+CD11b− siLP-DCs from SPF and GF mice were low and the level of enzyme activity in this cell type showed variability among individual mice (Figures 1C,F).