APP and Alzheimer disease: Although the improved thymopoiesis and an increased number of immune cells in the periphery (especially macrophages in the brain) attenuate AD pathology, they are insufficient for reduction of cerebral Aβ plaque load and for improving cognitive performance as indicated by the data that transplantation of APP+/+ mESC-TEPs is less efficient than that of APP−/− mESC-TEPs.