CSF3 and cancer: In addition, neutropenia is very common in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and supportive treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can induce a neutrophilic response; as a consequence, neutrophils are primed toward a pro-NETotic phenotype and may suppress the cytotoxic activity of T cells as well as impair immune surveillance (24, 56, 57).