SOCS1 and Sepsis: Of note, diabetic rats show milder sepsis-associated ALI due to the impaired activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), and decreased MyD88 mRNA, and thus the decreased MyD88 downstream signaling in response to the TLR stimulation on AMs (244).