NLRC4 activation during Gram-negative bacterial (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa) pneumonia proves beneficial to the host via producing IL-1β, IL-17A, and neutrophil chemoattractants (keratinocyte cell-derived chemokines, MIP-2, and LPS-induced CXC chemokines) in the lungs (101). Here, IL1B is linked to pneumonia.