The SIRT1 activation during sepsis also prevents the sepsis-induced ALI via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasomes in AMs and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, which prevents the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (ICAM-1 and HMG-B1), disruption of tight and adherens junctions as indicated by the reduced lung claudin-1 and vascular endothelial-cadherin expression (240, 241). Here, HMGB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.