NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: The nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-, Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 NLRP3 inflammasome was first identified in Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) before its implication was recognized in many inflammatory/immune diseases such as gout, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (8), as well as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases) and aging (9–11), and infection by various pathogens (12).