In order to investigate the cell phenotypes present in lesions from leprosy–HIV co-infected patients, with or without RR, we evaluated pro-, and anti-inflammatory macrophage markers (pro-inflammatory: IL12B, IL23A, IL1B, CXCL10; and anti-inflammatory: VEGF, ARG2, PPARG, PDGFA, CD163, MRS1) as well as markers that could be present in both macrophage phenotypes, depending on the environment (IDO, HMOX1, CD209). Here, ARG2 is linked to leprosy.