TNF and atherosclerosis: It has been reported that in Flt3−/−Ldlr−/− mice, depleted CD103+DCs due to Flt3 deficiency aggravated plaque burden, accompanied by decreased aortic Tregs, limited interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion, and increased production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) without significant alterations in the lipid levels (18), indicating an immune suppressive role for this DC subset in atherosclerosis.