Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a vital role in T cells' homeostasis, and molecular therapeutic drugs such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab have been widely used clinically to target PD-1 and PD-L1 and showed promising effects in PD-1+ or PD-L1+ carcinoma (97–99). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and carcinoma.