In both NSA-ESUS and atherosclerotic strokes, we found a substantially greater proportion of subjects with hypertension; furthermore, the laboratory parameters showed increased levels of HbA1c in NSA-ESUS in comparison with non-NSA group and increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in strokes due to atherosclerosis in comparison with non-NSA group (Table 1). Here, CRP is linked to atherosclerosis.