GJA1 and ischemic stroke: It has been reported that the C-terminal of astrocytic Cx43 could be phosphorylated after ischemic stroke via several protein kinases including protein kinase C (96), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (97), pp60Src kinase (98), and casein kinase 1δ (99), inducing Cx43 internalization, further contributing to the uncoupling process of astrocytes (100, 101).