GFAP and depressive symptom measurement: Fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties, such as omega-3, which increases BDNF in the hippocampus and PFC (Redivo et al., 2016); palmatine, which decreases GFAP and purinergic receptor P2X7 expression in the hippocampus (Shen et al., 2018); and b-caryophyllene, which suppresses the levels of SP and proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of diabetic animals (Aguilar-Ávila et al., 2019), may be used to attenuate pain and depression.