TGFB1 and pulmonary hypertension: In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), SMC-specific knockout of PDLIM5 enhances hypoxia-mediated vascular remodeling, while overexpression of PDLIM5 inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway and prevents hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension elevation in vivo (Cheng et al., 2016).