TNF and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Alteration in chemerin signaling has already been linked to other pro-inflammatory conditions or cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) upregulating CMKLR1 (Kaur et al., 2010; Bondue et al., 2011) and CCRL2 (Yoshimura and Oppenheim, 2011; Monnier et al., 2012) which are also known to play crucial roles in pulmonary artery remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.