FOS and cystic fibrosis: Increased expression of IL-8 in pulmonary epithelial cells with dysfunctional CFTR was previously associated with increased activation of the transcription factor NF−κB (Vij et al., 2009), which works with other transcription factors, including AP−1, as a central transcriptional regulator of airway inflammation in CF (Nichols and Chmiel, 2015).