ATG7 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The exact mechanism for the downregulation of Atg7 was not revealed in these studies; however, it is known that proteinopathy and obesity are characterized by increased mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, which suppresses Atg7 expression (Sciarretta et al., 2018).