CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Many studies have shown that KD approaches had an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, TNF-α, MCP-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 (Sharman and Volek, 2004; Dansinger et al., 2005; Forsythe et al., 2008; Ratliff et al., 2008), which are generally higher in obesity.